
科学家用鱼鳞制作为原料造出环保LED
Scientists Create a More Sustainable LED From Fish Scales
关键字:能源,鱼类,医学,纳米技术,新研究,可持续性,技术
Key Words: Energy, Fish, Medicine, Nanotechnology, New Research, Sustainability, Technology

日本科学家开发的一种方法可以将鱼鳞转化为碳基纳米材料。资讯来源:日本名古屋工业大学白井孝教授(Takashi Shirai)
A procedure developed by scientists in Japan can convert fish scales into a carbon-based nanomaterial. Takashi Shirai from NITech, Japan
科学家们发现,通过微波处理渔业废料,可以快速有效地制造碳纳米离子(CNOs),即一种独特的碳纳米形式,该项应用有望在能源储存和医药方面发挥作用。此项技术可用于在未来制造更为便宜及环保的LED。相关研究结果由日本名古屋工业大学(Nagoya Institute of Technology)的研究人员发表在《绿色化学》(Green Chemistry)上。
Scientists have discovered that by microwaving fish waste, they can quickly and efficiently create carbon nano-onions (CNOs)—a unique nanoform of carbon that has applications in energy storage and medicine. This method could be used to make cheaper and more sustainable LEDs in the future. The researchers from Nagoya Institute of Technology in Japan published their findings in Green Chemistry.
碳纳米离子(CNOs)是具有球形碳壳的纳米结构,其同心分层的结构类似于一个洋葱。根据这篇论文,它们 "在能源储存和转换方面引起了全世界的广泛关注",因为它们 "具有极高的导电性和导热性,以及大的外表面积"。作者在研究报告中写道,它们已经被用于电子和生物医学应用,如生物成像、传感以及药物输送。
CNOs are nanostructures with spherical carbon shells in a concentric layered structure similar to an onion. They have “drawn extensive attention worldwide in terms of energy storage and conversion” because of their “exceptionally high electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as large external surface area,” per the paper. They’ve been used in electronics and for biomedical applications, such as bio-imaging and sensing and drug delivery, write the authors in the study.
尽管碳纳米离子(CNOs)在20世纪80年代首次被报道,但制造它们的传统方法需要高温、真空和大量的时间和精力。其他技术也很昂贵,需要复杂的催化剂或危险的酸性或碱性条件。名古屋工业大学的一份声明中评价道:这 "大大限制了碳纳米离子(CNOs)的潜力"。
Though CNOs were first reported in the 1980s, conventional methods of manufacturing them have required high temperatures, a vacuum and a lot of time and energy. Other techniques are expensive and call for complex catalysts or dangerous acidic or basic conditions. This “greatly limits the potential of CNOs,” per a statement from Nagoya Institute of Technology.
据作者介绍,新发现只需要一个步骤,即微波热解从鱼废料中提取的鱼鳞,整个过程仅需10秒钟即可完成。
The newly discovered method requires only one step—microwave pyrolysis of fish scales extracted from fish waste—and can be done within ten seconds, per the authors.
鱼鳞究竟是如何转化为碳纳米离子(CNOs)的还不清楚,尽管该团队认为这与鱼鳞中的胶原蛋白如何吸收足够的微波辐射以迅速提高温度有关。这导致了热解,或热分解,使胶原蛋白分解成气体。这些气体随后为碳纳米离子(CNOs)的产生提供了良好条件。
How exactly the fish scales are converted into CNOs is unclear, though the team thinks it has to do with how collagen in the fish scales can absorb enough microwave radiation to quickly increase in temperature. This leads to pyrolysis, or thermal decomposition, which causes the collagen to break down into gasses. These gasses then support the creation of CNOs.
这种方法是一种 "将鱼类废物转化为无限有用的材料的直接方法",而且所产生的碳纳米离子(CNOs)具有高结晶度,这使它们具有 "特殊的光学特性",根据该声明。它们还具有高功能性,这意味着它们 "在其表面与其他小分子结合",Ellen Phiddian为《宇宙》杂志写道。据《宇宙》杂志称,这种属性的组合意味着碳纳米离子(CNOs)可以发出明亮的蓝色光芒。
This method is a “straightforward way to convert fish waste into infinitely more useful materials,” and the resulting CNOs have a high crystallinity, which gives them “exceptional optical properties,” per the statement. They also have high functionalisation, which means they're "bonded to other small molecules on their surface," writes Ellen Phiddian for Cosmos. This combination of attributes means the CNOs can glow bright blue, per Cosmos.
名古屋工业大学生命与应用化学系教授、共同作者白井孝(Takashi Shirai)在一份声明中说:"这些碳纳米离子(CNOs)表现出超亮的可见光发射,效率(或量子产率)为40%。"这个数值以前从未实现过,比以前报道的通过传统方法合成的CNO高出大约10倍。
“The CNOs exhibit ultra-bright visible-light emission with an efficiency (or quantum yield) of 40 percent,” says Takashi Shirai, a coauthor and professor in the Nagoya Institute of Technology’s Department of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, in a statement. “This value, which has never been achieved before, is about 10 times higher than that of previously reported CNOs synthesized via conventional methods.”
白井教授在声明中说,由于这些优秀的光学特性,CNO可以被用来制造 "大面积的发光柔性薄膜和LED设备"。"这些发现将为下一代显示器和固态照明的发展开辟新的途径"。
Because of these excellent optical properties, the CNOs could be used to create “large-area emissive flexible films and LED devices,” Shirai says in the statement. “These findings will open up new avenues for the development of next-generation displays and solid-state lighting.”

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参考资料 | Reference:
1) Scientists Create a More Sustainable LED From Fish Scales. 《史密森尼杂志》(Smithsonian Magazine). https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/scientists-create-more-sustainable-led-from-fish-scales-180980551/
2)Our Recent Paper Published on Green Chemistry is Highlighted as Back Cover and Cover Profile. 名古屋工业大学白井研究室(ShiraiGroup). https://shiraigroup.wixsite.com/ensite/news
3)Fabrication of Ultra-bright Carbon Nano-onions via A One-step Microwave Pyrolysis of Fish Scale Waste in Seconds. 英国皇家化学学会(Royal Society of Chemistry). https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2022/gc/d1gc04785j
