印度科学家将鱼鳞回收用于生成绿色能源
Indian Scientists Recycle Fish Scales Into Green Energy
鱼鳞中含有胶原纤维，能够在机械应力作用下产生电荷。
Fish scales contain collagen fibers that generate an electric charge in response to mechanical stress.
印度贾达普大学（Jadavpur University）的一组研究人员已经开发出一种可生物降解的能量收集器——从生鱼鳞中提取能量——它可以作为一种可持续的绿色能源，用于下一代自动供电的植入式医疗设备。
A team of researchers at Jadavpur University here has developed a biodegradable energy harvester - from raw fish scales - which could be tapped as a sustainable green energy source for next-generation self-powered implantable medical devices.
研究人员说，此项应用还有望减少个人便携式电子产品当中的电子垃圾元素。
It also has the potential for personal portable electronics with reduced e-waste elements said the researchers.
鱼鳞，一种通常被扔掉的副产品，含有胶原纤维，具有压电特性，这意味着它们在机械应力作用下产生电荷。
Fish scales, a by-product that is usually thrown away, contain collagen fibers that possess a piezoelectric property, which means that an electric charge is generated in them in response to mechanical stress.
研究人员利用这种生物废料合成了一种柔性生物压电纳米发生器（BPNG）。
The researchers have synthesized a flexible bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator (BPNG) from this bio-waste.
有机纳米压电器件实验室的助理教授 Dipankar Mandal 解释说: “我们从鱼类加工市场收集了以硬质生鱼鳞形式存在的生物废料，然后使用脱盐过程使它们变得透明和灵活。”
Assistant Professor at Organic Nano-Piezoelectric Device Laboratory, Dipankar Mandal explained: “We collected bio-waste in the form of hard, raw fish scales from a fish processing market, and then used a demineralization process to make them transparent and flexible.”
Jadavpur 大学物理系的 Mandal 先生说: “我们能够制造一个两边都有电极的生物压电纳米发生器（或能量收集器） ，然后将它们层压制件。”。
“We were able to make a bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator (or energy harvester) with electrodes on both sides, and then laminated them,” said Mr. Mandal, from the Department of Physics, at Jadavpur University.
回收价值
Recycling Value
通过一站式处理方式将鱼业副产品回收到柔性生物压电纳米发生器（BPNG）将有助于开发增值产品、减少电子垃圾的产生。
The recycling of the fish by-products into the BPNG via a one-step process is a promising solution for the development of value-added products and also to reduce e-waste.
纳米发电机还可以储藏多种环境机械能，如身体运动、机器和声音振动所产生的能量，以及生活环境中大量存在的风流，甚至仅仅是打响指所产生的机械能。
The nanogenerator also scavenges several types of ambient mechanical energies such as body movements, machine and sound vibrations, and wind flow which are abundant in the living environments, and even repeated tapping with a finger.
用手指反复触摸柔性生物压电纳米发生器（BPNG）可以为50多个蓝色LED提供电力支撑。
Repeatedly touching the BPNG with a finger can turn on more than 50 blue LEDs.
该团队的工作是首次展示了鱼鳞在机械刺激下由生物压电纳米发生器产生的电力所产生的直接压电效应--不需要任何电场极化处理。
The team’s work is the first known demonstration of the direct piezoelectric effect of fish scales from electricity generated by a bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator under mechanical stimuli - without the need for any post-electrical poling treatments.
潜在用途
Potential Uses
该项研究工作应用范围预计会涵盖透明电子产品、生物相容和可生物降解的电子产品以及可食用的电子产品。
The group’s work could potentially be used in transparent electronics, biocompatible and biodegradable electronics, and edible electronics.
除了用于便携式电子产品的无数用途外，它还可用于自供电的植入式医疗设备、手术、电子保健监测以及体外和体内诊断。
It can also be used in self-powered implantable medical devices, surgeries, e-healthcare monitoring, as well as in vitro and in vivo diagnostics, apart from its myriad uses for portable electronics.
"Mandal先生说："在未来，我们的目标是将生物压电纳米发电机植入心脏，用于心脏起搏器设备，在那里它将不断从心跳中产生能量，用于设备的运行。
“In the future, our goal is to implant a bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator into a heart for pacemaker devices, where it will continuously generate power from heartbeats for the device’s operation,” Mr. Mandal said.
"不再需要的时候可以将其进行降解处理。由于心脏组织也是由胶原蛋白组成的，我们的生物压电纳米发电机预计将与心脏非常兼容。"
“It will then degrade when no longer needed. Since heart tissue is also composed of collagen, our bio-piezoelectric nanogenerator is expected to be very compatible with the heart.”
鱼类生物废物的处理增加了环境污染。
Disposal of the fish bio-waste increases environmental pollution.
这项研究于9月发表在《应用物理学通讯》（Applied Physics Letters）杂志上，由S.K. Ghosh共同撰写。
The study was published in the journal Applied Physics Letters in September and is co-authored by S.K. Ghosh.
在国内，青岛融智汇作为一家以海洋生物医用材料高新技术开发为主的科技型企业，已开发多个基于鱼鳞胶应用的产品，融智汇通过提供科学有效高品质的功能性鱼鳞胶帮助解决中国大众市场的泛健康问题。融智汇旗下产品矩阵涵盖：
- 一、海洋生物矿化硅止血系列
- 融智汇与各军地单位联合开发基于硅藻为原料的超快速DBs基止血产品。该项发明拥有独立的知识产权，利用“藻种+海水+阳光”的生物制造方法，研发的DBs止血产品可以用于战伤救治，推动军队战救止血的升级换代，具有极为重要的国防意义；同时也在地震、火灾、车祸等灾害伤员的临床救治中发挥重要作用。国内外尚无除项目组外的报道与专利，产出成果将填补我国在高端海洋生物医用材料领域的空白。
- 本项目连续获得国家自然科学基金重点项目（U1706212）和青年项目（81801846）的支持。相关制备技术申请国家发明专利4项，授权2项（ZL201610494583.7、ZL201610732723.X)。
- 二、鱼鳞胶系列
- 用于功能性食品且富含深海提取鱼鳞胶原蛋白的鱼鳞胶口服液、骨质素，能够有效增强人体免疫力；
- 用于小创口、擦伤、切割伤等浅表性创面及周围皮肤护理的鱼鳞胶伤口护理软膏；
- 用于人体物理退热、体表面特定部位降温的医用冷敷贴；
- 用于烧伤、溃疡等创面愈创的冷敷凝胶；
- 用于皮炎、湿疹等皮肤止痒消肿的喷剂敷料；
- 海洋生物化妆品及保健品等系列产品。
更多鱼鳞胶产品及应用资讯，请关注青岛融智汇官方账号，随时解密海洋精华。
References 参考文献：
1）Kolkata. The Hindu. Indian Scientists Recycle Fish Scales Into Green Energy. Sep 13, 2016. https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/energy-and-environment/Indian-scientists-recycle-fish-scales-into-green-energy/article14637886.ece#:~:text=A%20team%20of%20researchers%20at,self%2Dpowered%20implantable%20medical%20devices.
